358 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
358 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
# Bootstrap 3 for Sass
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[](http://badge.fury.io/rb/bootstrap-sass)
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[](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bootstrap-sass)
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[](http://badge.fury.io/bo/bootstrap-sass)
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[](https://travis-ci.org/twbs/bootstrap-sass)
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`bootstrap-sass` is a Sass-powered version of [Bootstrap](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap) 3, ready to drop right into your Sass powered applications.
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This is Bootstrap **3**. For Bootstrap **4** use the [Bootstrap rubygem](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap-rubygem) if you use Ruby, and the [main repo](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap) otherwise.
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## Installation
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Please see the appropriate guide for your environment of choice:
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* [Ruby on Rails](#a-ruby-on-rails).
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* [Bower](#b-bower).
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* [npm / Node.js](#c-npm--nodejs).
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### a. Ruby on Rails
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`bootstrap-sass` is easy to drop into Rails with the asset pipeline.
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In your Gemfile you need to add the `bootstrap-sass` gem, and ensure that the `sass-rails` gem is present - it is added to new Rails applications by default.
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```ruby
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gem 'bootstrap-sass', '~> 3.4.1'
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gem 'sassc-rails', '>= 2.1.0'
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```
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`bundle install` and restart your server to make the files available through the pipeline.
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Import Bootstrap styles in `app/assets/stylesheets/application.scss`:
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```scss
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// "bootstrap-sprockets" must be imported before "bootstrap" and "bootstrap/variables"
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@import "bootstrap-sprockets";
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@import "bootstrap";
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```
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`bootstrap-sprockets` must be imported before `bootstrap` for the icon fonts to work.
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Make sure the file has `.scss` extension (or `.sass` for Sass syntax). If you have just generated a new Rails app,
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it may come with a `.css` file instead. If this file exists, it will be served instead of Sass, so rename it:
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```console
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$ mv app/assets/stylesheets/application.css app/assets/stylesheets/application.scss
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```
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Then, remove all the `*= require_self` and `*= require_tree .` statements from the sass file. Instead, use `@import` to import Sass files.
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Do not use `*= require` in Sass or your other stylesheets will not be [able to access][antirequire] the Bootstrap mixins or variables.
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Bootstrap JavaScript depends on jQuery.
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If you're using Rails 5.1+, add the `jquery-rails` gem to your Gemfile:
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```ruby
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gem 'jquery-rails'
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```
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```console
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$ bundle install
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```
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Require Bootstrap Javascripts in `app/assets/javascripts/application.js`:
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```js
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//= require jquery
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//= require bootstrap-sprockets
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```
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`bootstrap-sprockets` and `bootstrap` [should not both be included](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap-sass/issues/829#issuecomment-75153827) in `application.js`.
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`bootstrap-sprockets` provides individual Bootstrap Javascript files (`alert.js` or `dropdown.js`, for example), while
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`bootstrap` provides a concatenated file containing all Bootstrap Javascripts.
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#### Bower with Rails
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When using [bootstrap-sass Bower package](#c-bower) instead of the gem in Rails, configure assets in `config/application.rb`:
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```ruby
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# Bower asset paths
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root.join('vendor', 'assets', 'bower_components').to_s.tap do |bower_path|
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config.sass.load_paths << bower_path
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config.assets.paths << bower_path
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end
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# Precompile Bootstrap fonts
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config.assets.precompile << %r(bootstrap-sass/assets/fonts/bootstrap/[\w-]+\.(?:eot|svg|ttf|woff2?)$)
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# Minimum Sass number precision required by bootstrap-sass
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::Sass::Script::Value::Number.precision = [8, ::Sass::Script::Value::Number.precision].max
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```
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Replace Bootstrap `@import` statements in `application.scss` with:
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```scss
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$icon-font-path: "bootstrap-sass/assets/fonts/bootstrap/";
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@import "bootstrap-sass/assets/stylesheets/bootstrap-sprockets";
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@import "bootstrap-sass/assets/stylesheets/bootstrap";
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```
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Replace Bootstrap `require` directive in `application.js` with:
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```js
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//= require bootstrap-sass/assets/javascripts/bootstrap-sprockets
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```
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#### Rails 4.x
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Please make sure `sprockets-rails` is at least v2.1.4.
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#### Rails 3.2.x
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bootstrap-sass is no longer compatible with Rails 3. The latest version of bootstrap-sass compatible with Rails 3.2 is v3.1.1.0.
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### b. Bower
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bootstrap-sass Bower package is compatible with node-sass 3.2.0+. You can install it with:
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```console
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$ bower install bootstrap-sass
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```
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Sass, JS, and all other assets are located at [assets](/assets).
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By default, `bower.json` main field list only the main `_bootstrap.scss` and all the static assets (fonts and JS).
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This is compatible by default with asset managers such as [wiredep](https://github.com/taptapship/wiredep).
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#### Node.js Mincer
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If you use [mincer][mincer] with node-sass, import Bootstrap like so:
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In `application.css.ejs.scss` (NB **.css.ejs.scss**):
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```scss
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// Import mincer asset paths helper integration
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@import "bootstrap-mincer";
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@import "bootstrap";
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```
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In `application.js`:
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```js
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//= require bootstrap-sprockets
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```
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See also this [example manifest.js](/test/dummy_node_mincer/manifest.js) for mincer.
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### c. npm / Node.js
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```console
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$ npm install bootstrap-sass
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```
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## Configuration
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### Sass
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By default all of Bootstrap is imported.
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You can also import components explicitly. To start with a full list of modules copy
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[`_bootstrap.scss`](assets/stylesheets/_bootstrap.scss) file into your assets as `_bootstrap-custom.scss`.
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Then comment out components you do not want from `_bootstrap-custom`.
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In the application Sass file, replace `@import 'bootstrap'` with:
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```scss
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@import 'bootstrap-custom';
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```
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### Sass: Number Precision
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bootstrap-sass [requires](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap-sass/issues/409) minimum [Sass number precision][sass-precision] of 8 (default is 5).
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Precision is set for Ruby automatically when using the `sassc-rails` gem.
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When using the npm or Bower version with Ruby, you can set it with:
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```ruby
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::Sass::Script::Value::Number.precision = [8, ::Sass::Script::Value::Number.precision].max
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```
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### Sass: Autoprefixer
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Bootstrap requires the use of [Autoprefixer][autoprefixer].
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[Autoprefixer][autoprefixer] adds vendor prefixes to CSS rules using values from [Can I Use](https://caniuse.com/).
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To match [upstream Bootstrap's level of browser compatibility](https://getbootstrap.com/getting-started/#support), set Autoprefixer's `browsers` option to:
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```json
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[
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"Android 2.3",
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"Android >= 4",
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"Chrome >= 20",
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"Firefox >= 24",
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"Explorer >= 8",
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"iOS >= 6",
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"Opera >= 12",
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"Safari >= 6"
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]
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```
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### JavaScript
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[`assets/javascripts/bootstrap.js`](/assets/javascripts/bootstrap.js) contains all of Bootstrap's JavaScript,
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concatenated in the [correct order](/assets/javascripts/bootstrap-sprockets.js).
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#### JavaScript with Sprockets or Mincer
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If you use Sprockets or Mincer, you can require `bootstrap-sprockets` instead to load the individual modules:
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```js
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// Load all Bootstrap JavaScript
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//= require bootstrap-sprockets
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```
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You can also load individual modules, provided you also require any dependencies.
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You can check dependencies in the [Bootstrap JS documentation][jsdocs].
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```js
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//= require bootstrap/scrollspy
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//= require bootstrap/modal
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//= require bootstrap/dropdown
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```
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### Fonts
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The fonts are referenced as:
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```scss
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"#{$icon-font-path}#{$icon-font-name}.eot"
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```
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`$icon-font-path` defaults to `bootstrap/` if asset path helpers are used, and `../fonts/bootstrap/` otherwise.
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When using bootstrap-sass with Compass, Sprockets, or Mincer, you **must** import the relevant path helpers before Bootstrap itself, for example:
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```scss
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@import "bootstrap-compass";
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@import "bootstrap";
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```
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## Usage
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### Sass
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Import Bootstrap into a Sass file (for example, `application.scss`) to get all of Bootstrap's styles, mixins and variables!
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```scss
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@import "bootstrap";
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```
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You can also include optional Bootstrap theme:
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```scss
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@import "bootstrap/theme";
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```
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The full list of Bootstrap variables can be found [here](https://getbootstrap.com/customize/#less-variables). You can override these by simply redefining the variable before the `@import` directive, e.g.:
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```scss
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$navbar-default-bg: #312312;
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$light-orange: #ff8c00;
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$navbar-default-color: $light-orange;
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@import "bootstrap";
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```
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### Eyeglass
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Bootstrap is available as an [Eyeglass](https://github.com/sass-eyeglass/eyeglass) module. After installing Bootstrap via NPM you can import the Bootstrap library via:
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```scss
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@import "bootstrap-sass/bootstrap"
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```
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or import only the parts of Bootstrap you need:
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```scss
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@import "bootstrap-sass/bootstrap/variables";
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@import "bootstrap-sass/bootstrap/mixins";
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@import "bootstrap-sass/bootstrap/carousel";
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```
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## Version
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Bootstrap for Sass version may differ from the upstream version in the last number, known as
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[PATCH](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html). The patch version may be ahead of the corresponding upstream minor.
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This happens when we need to release Sass-specific changes.
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Before v3.3.2, Bootstrap for Sass version used to reflect the upstream version, with an additional number for
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Sass-specific changes. This was changed due to Bower and npm compatibility issues.
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The upstream versions vs the Bootstrap for Sass versions are:
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| Upstream | Sass |
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|---------:|--------:|
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| 3.3.4+ | same |
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| 3.3.2 | 3.3.3 |
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| <= 3.3.1 | 3.3.1.x |
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Always refer to [CHANGELOG.md](/CHANGELOG.md) when upgrading.
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---
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## Development and Contributing
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If you'd like to help with the development of bootstrap-sass itself, read this section.
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### Upstream Converter
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Keeping bootstrap-sass in sync with upstream changes from Bootstrap used to be an error prone and time consuming manual process. With Bootstrap 3 we have introduced a converter that automates this.
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**Note: if you're just looking to *use* Bootstrap 3, see the [installation](#installation) section above.**
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Upstream changes to the Bootstrap project can now be pulled in using the `convert` rake task.
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Here's an example run that would pull down the master branch from the main [twbs/bootstrap](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap) repo:
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rake convert
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This will convert the latest LESS to Sass and update to the latest JS.
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To convert a specific branch or version, pass the branch name or the commit hash as the first task argument:
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rake convert[e8a1df5f060bf7e6631554648e0abde150aedbe4]
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The latest converter script is located [here][converter] and does the following:
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* Converts upstream Bootstrap LESS files to its matching SCSS file.
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* Copies all upstream JavaScript into `assets/javascripts/bootstrap`, a Sprockets manifest at `assets/javascripts/bootstrap-sprockets.js`, and a concatenation at `assets/javascripts/bootstrap.js`.
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* Copies all upstream font files into `assets/fonts/bootstrap`.
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* Sets `Bootstrap::BOOTSTRAP_SHA` in [version.rb][version] to the branch sha.
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This converter fully converts original LESS to SCSS. Conversion is automatic but requires instructions for certain transformations (see converter output).
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Please submit GitHub issues tagged with `conversion`.
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## Credits
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bootstrap-sass has a number of major contributors:
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<!-- feel free to make these link wherever you wish -->
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* [Thomas McDonald](https://twitter.com/thomasmcdonald_)
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* [Tristan Harward](http://www.trisweb.com)
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* Peter Gumeson
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* [Gleb Mazovetskiy](https://github.com/glebm)
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and a [significant number of other contributors][contrib].
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## You're in good company
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bootstrap-sass is used to build some awesome projects all over the web, including
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[Diaspora](https://diasporafoundation.org/), [rails_admin](https://github.com/sferik/rails_admin),
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Michael Hartl's [Rails Tutorial](https://www.railstutorial.org/), [gitlabhq](http://gitlabhq.com/) and
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[kandan](http://getkandan.com/).
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[converter]: https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap-sass/blob/master/tasks/converter/less_conversion.rb
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[version]: https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap-sass/blob/master/lib/bootstrap-sass/version.rb
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[contrib]: https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap-sass/graphs/contributors
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[antirequire]: https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap-sass/issues/79#issuecomment-4428595
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[jsdocs]: https://getbootstrap.com/javascript/#transitions
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[sass-precision]: http://sass-lang.com/documentation/Sass/Script/Value/Number.html#precision%3D-class_method
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[mincer]: https://github.com/nodeca/mincer
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[autoprefixer]: https://github.com/postcss/autoprefixer
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